https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_a_Black_Planet
Fear of a Black Planet is the third
studio album by American
hip hop group
Public Enemy, released on April 10, 1990, by
Def Jam Recordings and
Columbia Records. It was produced by the group's production team
The Bomb Squad, who sought to expand on the dense,
sample-layered sound of Public Enemy's previous album,
It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back (1988). Having fulfilled their initial creative ambitions with that album, Public Enemy pursued a different direction and aspired to create what lead MC
Chuck D specified as "a deep, complex album". Their songwriting was partly inspired by the controversy with member
Professor Griff and his dismissal from the group in 1989.
Fear of a Black Planet features elaborate sound collages that incorporate varying rhythms, numerous samples, media sound bites, and eccentric
music loops, and reflect the content's confrontational tone. Conceived during the
golden age of hip hop, its
assemblage of reconfigured and recontextualized aural sources preceded the sample clearance system that later emerged in the music industry.
Fear of a Black Planet contains themes concerning organization and empowerment within the
African-American community, while presenting criticism of social issues affecting African Americans at the time of the album's conception. Its criticism of
institutional racism and
White supremacy were inspired by
Dr. Frances Cress Welsing's views on
color.
In the first week Fear of a Black Planet was released, it sold one million copies in the United States, where it charted at number 10 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums. Critics praised the record for its sonic quality, societal themes, and Chuck D's lyrics, naming it one of the best albums of 1990. It has since been viewed as one of hip hop's greatest and most important records, as well as being musically and culturally significant. In 2003, it was ranked number 300 on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and in 2005, the Library of Congress added it to the National Recording Registry.