W.VA and Virginia too...
Interesting As Fuck...
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In 2006, a man in Portland, Oregon hired a hitman to kill his 51-year-old wife, Susan Kuhnhausen. She ended up killing the hitman with her bare hands. When she had her hands on his neck she asked him, "TELL ME WHO SENT YOU HERE AND I WILL CALL YOU A FUCKING AMBULANCE!"
150,000 Black Americans came to the United Kingdom as soldiers in World War Two, out of a total of about a million black Americans who served their country during that war. The United States military was racially segregated, with black soldiers overwhelmingly relegated to rear-area (supply, catering) and labour roles.
This discriminatory segregation, which divided American from American, led to the shocking and appalling spectacle of black and white American soldiers - in the United Kingdom as part of a great war for freedom against fascism - engaging in several hours of battle, with firearms, through the streets of an English town, leaving seven soldiers wounded, and one black soldier dead.
In Bamber Bridge, near Preston, Lancashire, the 1511th Quartermaster Truck regiment, part of the Eighth Air Force, was a segregated supply unit. Made up of entirely black troops overseen by white officers, it was based at Air Force Station 569 "Adam Hall" - actually a series of huts on Mounsey Road, and tasked with delivering supplies to other Eighth Air Force stations throughout the north-west.
[Picture: the only picture I have been able to find which purports to be some of the men involved in the Battle of Bamber Bridge (from the Daily Mirror archive) - 13 of the 35 who were court-martialled. The reason for them being mustered on the street here is unclear.]
On 24th June 1943, two American Military Police (MPs) from the 234th US Military Police Company (an all-white unit) arrived at the Ye Olde Hobb Inn, at the southern end of Church Road. There are conflicting accounts of why the MPs came to the pub, some sources say they "responded to reports of a disturbance" (which appears to have been jeering of the publican when last orders were called) while others state the MPs were doing routine patrols to ensure US soldiers in the town were correctly authorised to be there.
Amongst the Americans, racial tension was high as, despite wartime censorship, news had circulated that on 20th June, Detroit had been shaken by a race riot in which the white population, who felt aggrieved at merit-based promotion of black workers in war industries, and attempts to create housing for incoming black workers, had turned on the black, leaving 34 people dead, 25 of them black - and 17 of these at the hands of the Detroit Police.
The MPs, Corporal Roy A. Windsor and Private First Class Ralph F. Ridgeway, attempted to arrest Private Eugene Nunn (1511th) for the minor uniform issue of wearing a field jacket (a general purpose piece of clothing) rather than a more formal "class A" uniform. This led to an angry stand off between men of the 1511th, other patrons of the pub (including British women soldiers of the Auxillary Territorial Service (ATS) who were dating some of the 1511th), and the MPs, with Corporal Windsor drawing his pistol at Private Lynn Adams (1511th). The MPs left the pub after Staff Sergeant William Byrd (1511th) defused the situation, though he testified later that the MPs promised to return, which he took as a threat.
The MPs reported back to Captain Julius Hirst and 1st Lieutenant Gerald Sylveste these events, and they were ordered to return to the scene and arrest the black soldiers, evidently finding the retreat of the MPs an unacceptable response. It is unclear to what extent, but likely at least some, that racial animosity fuelled this response - white MPs giving way to black soldiers being too against the American norm. The MPs collected two further MPs (PFC Carson Bozman & Pvt Spurlock Mullins) and drove past the group of the 1511th on Station Road, north of the pub, en route to Adam Hall, the MPs dismounted from their jeep outside 294 Station road, barring the path of the 1511th men.
A fight ensued between the MPs and soldiers, some of whom were intoxicated, with the 1511th throwing bottles, and rocks taken from the garden of 301 Station Road. The MPs were quickly outnumbered by several more black soldiers arriving on the scene (possibly from visiting locals, and two other nearby pubs) and the MPs started shooting, Cpl Windsor (MP) alleged the MPs began to shoot as a black soldier attempted to take the gun of PFC Bozman (MP); Private William Ogletree (1511tth) was shot in the lower back, while Lynn Adams (1511th) was shot in the back of the neck. Pvt Mullins (MP) followed this shooting with several more shots, which hit no one, but scattered the fight. It is unclear what became of the white British women soldiers of the ATC who accompanied the men of the 1511th.
Derek Rogerson, editor of local website the Bamber Bridge Bulletin, is leading a campaign for a memorial to the Battle of Bamber Bridge to be built in the town. This project neared completion towards the end of 2019, but has been heavily derailed by the 2020/21 Coronavirus Pandemic. http://www.bamberbridgebulletin.co.uk/ Significant sources about this event: 1975, Vol 22 No 4 - Aerospace Historian Magazine article, Kenneth P Werrell (Professor of History, Radford College, Virginia.) -https://www.jstor.org/stable/44523444 1978, No 22 - After the Battle magazine article, Kenneth P Werrell (with field research & interviews conducted by After the Battle editor Winston G Ramsey and his son.) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
the real McCoy attribution isn’t this clear cut https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_real_McCoy
Lewis H. Latimer did not “invent the…Filament” but improved its manufacturing process. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Howard_Latimer
Garrett Morgan Invented a three-position traffic signal and a smoke hood (which was a PREDECESSOR to the gas mask). Source: wikipedia
A man lost his arm in an accident. Due to tissue damage, they couldn't reattach it immediately so they sutured it to his leg to ensure blood flow. The procedure is called Temporary ectopic implantation. It succeeded in saving the man's arm which was later reattached.
At different times during the hundreds of years they did this, different companies would use different methods.
Some would do exactly as you say, and result in the death of ~40% of the captives. Others would transport half as many in what would certainly be "better" conditions hoping more survived and those that did arrived "strong" for a better sale price.
But that is just the middle passage itself. For the whole "journey" from capture to destination there are estimated averages over different periods of time that are just unfathomable.
43% were killed before they even saw a ship. Then ~40% of the 57 survivors could die on one depending on the company policy. Now with those numbers in mind, think that ~12.5 million people got on those ships over those 400 years.To add more perspective to that number, the entire population of England in 1700 was just 5 million people.
I've been there, and don't recommend it.
Against all odds, this tiny mammoth survived the ice age. Carved in woolly mammoth ivory using flint tools 35,000 years ago, it was discovered in 2007 in the post-excavation spoil at Vogelherd Cave 70 years after the original archaeological excavations! Image: Tübingen Museum.
German scientists are tickled pink after unearthing one of the world's oldest sculpted phalluses - 20cm of polished siltstone lovingly created around 28,000 years ago.
The stone schlong was discovered in Hohle Fels Cave near Ulm, Swabia, by a Tübingen University team. Professor Nicholas Conard, from the university's snappily-named department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology, explained the excitment to the BBC thus: "Female representations with highly accentuated sexual attributes are very well documented at many sites, but male representations are very, very rare."