Re: Arab world deeply split over Hezbollah
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Some in Iran skeptical of Hezbollah</font size>
<font size="4">They say Mideast conflict obscures problems at home</font size></center>
Boston Globe
By Anne Barnard
Globe Staff
July 25, 2006
TEHRAN -- Here in the capital that US officials blame for prodding Hezbollah to attack Israel, city-sponsored posters herald the Lebanese militants as heroes of resistance, and official newspapers portray the bloody Israeli-Lebanese conflict as one of Iran's biggest concerns.
A government think tank yesterday honored a Hezbollah leader as an ally against what it called the West's assault on Islam.
But those sentiments are far from unanimous in the Iranian capital. From the leafy streets of upscale northern Tehran to the poorer southern neighborhoods, a surprising number of young Iranians yesterday shrugged off the two-week old conflict, and Hezbollah's cause, as minor issues compared with inflation, unemployment, and confining social strictures.
``We're up to our ears in our own problems, so we don't care about this stuff," said Nina Kamarzarian, 21, sipping a banana frappe in a northern Tehran café and fretting about the drop in business at her printer repair shop.
``My government, they want to conceal their own problems," she said. ``All the time, they say, `Lebanon, Palestine, Arabs.' They want to conceal the fact that the majority of the people are dissatisfied."
In a scruffy park in southeastern Tehran, Sajad Saifi, 20, a temporary worker in a soda factory, said he hadn't been paid his $200 monthly salary since April. ``Whether Lebanon is on the map or not doesn't change my destiny," he said. ``It doesn't bring any cure for my pain."
Wearing a Hugo Boss knockoff belt and dark denim pants fashionably turned up at the cuffs, he added, ``Honestly, my concern is that if I walk hand in hand with a girl, I will be harassed and stopped by 20 police."
Many Iranians have responded with the fervor the government encourages, and people interviewed in Tehran universally expressed sympathy for Lebanese civilians injured and killed in the war. They differ, though, on whether supporting Hezbollah -- to the tune of at least $100 million annually, according to US estimates -- should be a priority for a country facing high unemployment, especially among the two-thirds of the population that is under 30.
Since Hezbollah launched a volley of rockets into northern Israel and captured two Israeli soldiers in a cross-border raid, sparking an Israeli barrage that has devastated Lebanese infrastructure and left more than 384 Lebanese and 40 Israelis dead, Iran has been at the center of the ensuing international crisis.
US and Israeli officials accuse Iran, which helped create Hezbollah to fight Israel's occupation of southern Lebanon in 1982, of supplying the Shi'ite Islamist militia with long-range missiles that have hit Israeli cities. They argue that Iran fomented the crisis to expand its power across the Middle East and distract international attention from its alleged nuclear weapons program.
Iran has denied any role in the current conflict while backing Hezbollah's demand for a prisoner exchange with Israel and proudly proclaiming that Hezbollah is a partner in checking US and Israeli power.
Iran, a mainly Shi'ite Muslim country that is heir to thousands of years of Persian culture, has long been a rival of the majority-Sunni Arab world. But since Shi'ite clerics overthrew the Shah in 1979 and established Islamic rule, Iran has also sought to export its revolution by supporting Arab Islamist militant groups like Hezbollah and the newly elected Palestinian ruling party, Hamas.
Pan-Islamic unity was on display yesterday at a government-sponsored think tank, where a tinny rendition of the anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran kicked off a panel discussion grandly billed as a search for ways to counteract what it called ``Psychological Warfare Against the Islamic Resistance."
On a single podium at the Iranian president's Center for Strategic Studies sat representatives of Hezbollah, Hamas, Syria, and Iran, the foursome that the United States and Israel portray as the culprits behind rising Islamist militancy.
The panelists, joined by the Lebanese ambassador, described their groups and countries as the last ones willing to stand up to US efforts to dominate their region.
``The main issue is America, and Israel as a servant of America's goal of a new Middle East," said Hussein Safiadeen, Hezbollah's representative in Iran, declaring that the conflict would be ``the beginning of Israel's defeat."
``The region is silent," complained Syrian ambassador Hamid Hassan, referring to lukewarm support for Hezbollah from Sunni Arab states including Saudi Arabia and Egypt. ``Syria and Iran, we are the two big fortresses against these aggressions."
At the end of the discussion, a green-uniformed commander of Iran's Revolutionary Guards embraced Safiadeen and presented him with a 10-CD set of the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's greatest sayings.
Around the city, Iranians expressed a range of views that reflected a complex society facing internal debates about its place in the world, its goals, and the role of Islam.
Across town, Ali Shir Mohammed Ali, 19, selling religious cassettes, pins, and stickers at the Mahestan trading center, a middle-class mall, said Islam demands that Iranians take the lead in supporting Hezbollah.
``Everything that happens in the Middle East affects us," he said. ``If we did not take a leadership role in the Middle East, we would be attacked."
``Some Arabs call us Ajamis," he said, using a word that refers to Iran's Persian heritage. But making ethnic distinctions, he said, is ``ignorant. The Islamic identity is more important."
On the mall's lower floor, which years ago stocked almost exclusively religious paraphernalia but now hawks everything from clothing to electric fireplaces, Javad Karimi, 30, an air-conditioner repairman, said he was more concerned about business, which he pronounced ``terrible."
``I don't have anything to say about politics. We mind our own business," he said.
At the café in north Tehran, Nina Kamarzarian, in a black and silver headscarf that matched her hip-hop sneakers, called the government focus on Hezbollah and the push for nuclear power ``counterproductive. It encourages America to attack us."
Her friend Samin Rafaie, 18, who was drinking an iced latte and a hot chocolate, said she agreed that the government had made ``empty promises" to improve the economy, but disagreed on Hezbollah.
``The Lebanese and the Palestinians are oppressed people," she said. ``We should give them whatever we can afford."
At the park in the south, Sajad Saifi, the soda factory worker, said Iran's biggest problem is a widening gulf between rich and poor -- an economic gap that has forced him to work since he was 14, and a social gap that yawns between poor neighborhoods, where he said police hound men and women walking together, and rich ones, where social freedoms are more tolerated.
His friend Mohammed Navid, 19, said the government focused on Hezbollah ``for its own vested interests."
``Every president, every government says slogans and they come to nothing," he said. ``Of course I feel sorry for people who are killed. But at the end of the day, every country has its oppressed people."
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