For those who don’t know.
Food Stamps is under the U.S. Department of Agriculture and is part of the Farm Bill.
Congress is still Fucking around and haven’t passed the Farm Bill, it looks like it’s going to roll over to 2025 where the GOP has full control of both houses of Congress.
Lots of folks, especially White Women are going to be in for a surprise when the GOP cuts their Food Stamps.
Federal Nutrition Program’s Fate Lies in 2024 Farm Bill
CATHERINE JONES
July 26, 2024
Assessing the future of the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).
www.astho.org
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits have become a hot topic of debate on Capitol Hill as lawmakers aim to renew the Farm Bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-1072) by the end of the fiscal year. The current authorization expired in September 2023 but most programs have continued through extensions. In May, the House Committee on Agriculture reported the Farm, Food, and National Security Act of 2024 (HR 8467) out of committee by a vote of 33-21. From the $1.5 trillion allocation, $22 billion is slated for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), which is $308 million below FY24 and $2.5 billion below the President’s FY25 Budget Request. Mandatory funding for SNAP was recorded as $123 billion, an increase of about $777 million.
Despite the Republican-led House claiming SNAP’s funding to be a “cost-neutral plan” that takes into consideration inflationary food prices and other indicators, many Democratic lawmakers, some policy analysts, and the Congressional Budget Office view this as a $30 billion dollar loss to SNAP over the next ten years. Further points of disagreement between the two sides of the House center on (1) privatizing SNAP administration, (2) requiring error-prone states (those experiencing frequent errors due to administrative burden, understaffing, high case volumes, human error, and resource constraints, which amounted to upwards of $8 billion in 2022) to cover a portion of SNAP benefit costs, and (3) allowing certain states to pilot SNAP Choice, a new state-run program that would restrict unhealthy food purchases with SNAP benefits.
In May, the Senate Agriculture Committee Chair, Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), released an outline of the Democrats’ summary of the Farm Bill. Essentially, their framework increases eligibility (i.e., people with felony drug convictions) and eases access to SNAP, increases funding for food banks and fruits and vegetables, improves training, explores prepared food options covered by SNAP, offers ways to better secure SNAP cards, and supports SNAP-related work programs and nutrition education among other things. Most distinctly, and in direct contrast to the cost neutral formula, it ensures that the bill will continue the five-year update to the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) that would increase benefits roughly $1.25 per day per person with the goal of lifting 2.4 million people—including one million children—out of poverty.
In June, Senate Agriculture Committee Ranking Member Senator John Boozman (R-AK) released the released the Republican framework, in which SNAP provisions closely mirror the House Farm Bill with a cost neutral plan. Among other things, it highlights the need for increased security of transactions and calls for the return of overpayments due to errors, supports fruit, vegetable, and dairy programs, and encourages “Buy American” requirements. So far, there appears to be limited overlap in the House and Senate versions. While both parties have articulated and agreed on the importance of passing a bipartisan Farm Bill, how these frameworks are resolved remains a mystery.
Behind the Numbers
SNAP is the largest of the domestic nutrition assistance programs administrated by the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Services. SNAP payments are periodically adjusted to reflect increases in food prices, the cost of living, consumption patterns, and nutritional guidance among other factors. The Thrifty Food Plan, developed by USDA in 1975, is reviewed every five years to estimate the cost of a nutritious diet at home at a minimal level of spending. It serves as a tool for policymakers and number crunchers to determine the maximum SNAP benefit allotments to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet based on a “market basket” of affordable and widely available foods that meet the nutritional needs of different age and gender groups.
Whom Does SNAP Serve?
In 2022, about 41 million people living in 21 million U.S. households participated in SNAP in an average month. Nearly four in five (79% of) SNAP households included a child under 18, an older adult (age 60+) or an adult with a disability. Furthermore, 40% of SNAP participants were children. SNAP calculates its benefits according to need and expects families receiving benefits to spend 30% of their net income on food (75% of recipients live at or below the poverty level).
Families with no net income receive the maximum benefit. Consider, for example, a family of three. With no income, that family would receive the maximum benefit of $766 per month; if it had $600 in net monthly income, it would receive the maximum benefit minus 30% of its net income (30% of $600 = $180), or $586. The average benefit per person in fiscal year 2024 is projected to be $189 per month or $6.20 per day.
Of note, food insecurity declined between 2019 and 2021 due to the robust federal response to COVID-19.
However, in 2022, there was a substantial spike in food insecurity related to food prices that coincided with the end of several temporarily expanded social safety net programs, including expanded child tax credits and universal free school meals. In 2023, food insecurity increased again due to continued inflation and the loss of the SNAP emergency allotments (EA) in 35 states, which cut benefits by an average of $84 per person. One study estimated that EAs kept 4.2 million people above the poverty line in the last quarter of 2021, reducing poverty by 10% and child poverty by 14% in states with EAs at the time. The estimated reduction in poverty rates due to EAs was highest for Black and Latino people.
Bipartisan agreement is critical as lawmakers decide on funding levels and hammer out SNAP provisions in the Farm Bill. Food insecurity can have lasting negative short- and long-term impacts on health and mental health for all ages, but particularly for the vulnerable stages of childhood and older adulthood. This program, whose foundations date back to the 1933 Food Stamp Program, as well as the more recent Food Stamp Act of 1964, has been feeding Americans for more than 90 years. ASTHO supports nutrition programs like SNAP that improve access to healthy foods and beverages as a vehicle to good health across the lifespan. ASTHO will be tracking SNAP developments closely in the coming weeks.